Triggers and Treatments of Alopecia

Alopecia is the medical term for ‘hair loss’, which can affect people of all ages. There are different types of alopecia.

Androgenic Alopecia

This type is caused by the androgen Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is made from testosterone. It is more common for men to be affected by this type of hair loss, but women can get it too, usually after menopause.

Alopecia Areata

This is when hair loss may come and go. It occurs mainly in young people (teenagers and young adults) and is thought to be caused by a problem with the immune system.

Telogen Effluvium

This is hair thinning, rather than hair loss. It is caused by stress or by an adverse reaction to medication. It usually corrects itself.

Scarring Alopecia

This is when scarring of the scalp destroys the hair follicles. Without follicles, hair cannot grow. This can occur as a result of various medical conditions, for instance, shingles.

Hair loss can also be caused by chemotherapy.

Treatments for Hair Loss

Your treatment will depend on the type of alopecia you have. If you have androgenic alopecia, you may be given a DHT-blocking medication called finasteride that works by preventing testosterone from converting into the hormone dihydrotestosterone. This oral treatment is only suitable for men.

There is also a lotion that you can rub into your scalp to promote hair growth. It is called minoxidil. Minoxidil was originally developed to treat high blood pressure, but doctors noticed it had a side effect of inducing hair growth so it began to be used as an alopecia treatment. It can be used by women too.

If your alopecia is caused by scarring, it may be permanent but can sometimes be corrected by surgery.

Alopecia areata is normally treated with corticosteroids to suppress the over-active immune response. This can be given as an ointment to put on the affected area.

Corticosteroids can be given by injection and this is thought to be more effective for treating mild to moderate cases of alopecia.